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A UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions, by supplying energy stored in batteries, supercapacitors, or flywheels. APC Back-UPS Pro BN UPS, 1500VA, 10 Outlets, 2 USB Charging Ports, AVR, LCD interface Black (BN1500M2) 5 out of 5 stars.An uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power source ( UPS) is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails. With all the batteries and related products you need from top brands like APC, Zoro makes it easy to design a secure, uninterruptible battery backup that provides not only protection from outages, but surge protection from voltage fluctuations and spikes, too.A large data-center-scale UPS being installed by electriciansAPC Back UPS Pro Battery Backup and Surge Protector, Compact Tower, 1500VA, AVR, LCD, 120V, Black (BX1500M) 4.5 out of 5 stars. Network manageable via serial, USB, or Ethernet, and bundled with Powerchute software for the monitoring. Designed to provide power and protection for servers, voice/data networks, medical labs, and light industrial applications, the Smart-UPS SRT5KXLT Battery Backup & Surge Protector from APC has been built for customers who want a powerful and efficient UPS with smart management options.
The world's largest UPS, the 46-megawatt Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), in Fairbanks, Alaska, powers the entire city and nearby rural communities during outages. UPS units range in size from units designed to protect a single computer without a video monitor (around 200 volt-ampere rating) to large units powering entire data centers or buildings. APC BackUPS 650 12V 12AH.A UPS is typically used to protect hardware such as computers, data centers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business disruption or data loss. APC BackUPS 600C 12V 12AH. It is a type of continual power system.APC AP520 6V 10AH.
9.4 Series new/old battery interactionsThe primary role of any UPS is to provide short-term power when the input power source fails. 9.3 Series-parallel battery interactions 9.2 Testing of strings of batteries/cells 9.1 Common battery characteristics and load testing
In a standby ("off-line") system the load is powered directly by the input power and the backup power circuitry is only invoked when the utility power fails.Most UPS below one kilo volt-ampere (1 kVA) are of the line-interactive or standby variety which are usually less expensive.For large power units, dynamic uninterruptible power supplies (DUPS) are sometimes used. A line-interactive UPS maintains the inverter in line and redirects the battery's DC current path from the normal charging mode to supplying current when power is lost. An on-line UPS uses a "double conversion" method of accepting AC input, rectifying to DC for passing through the rechargeable battery (or battery strings), then inverting back to 120 V/230 V AC for powering the protected equipment. To prevent this, a UPS should be selected not only by capacity, but also by the quality of power that is required by the equipment that is being supplied.The three general categories of modern UPS systems are on-line, line-interactive and standby:
Capacity expansion: several hours.The line-interactive UPS is similar in operation to a standby UPS, but with the addition of a multi-tap variable-voltage autotransformer. Typical protection time: 5–30 minutes. Offline/standby Line-interactive UPS: The green line illustrates the flow of electric power. DUPS are sometimes combined or integrated with a diesel generator that is turned on after a brief delay, forming a diesel rotary uninterruptible power supply (DRUPS).A fuel cell UPS was developed by the company Hydrogenics using hydrogen and a fuel cell as a power source, potentially providing long run times in a small space. When the mains power fails, an eddy-current regulation maintains the power on the load as long as the flywheel's energy is not exhausted. Energy is stored in a flywheel.
The difference between the two voltages is because charging a battery requires a delta voltage (up to 13–14 V for charging a 12 V battery). The main 50/60 Hz transformer used to convert between line voltage and battery voltage needs to provide two slightly different turns ratios: One to convert the battery output voltage (typically a multiple of 12 V) to line voltage, and a second one to convert the line voltage to a slightly higher battery charging voltage (such as a multiple of 14 V). Depending on the design, changing the autotransformer tap can cause a very brief output power disruption, which may cause UPSs equipped with a power-loss alarm to "chirp" for a moment.This has become popular even in the cheapest UPSes because it takes advantage of components already included. It instead compensates by automatically selecting different power taps on the autotransformer. This may also be performed by a buck–boost transformer which is distinct from an autotransformer, since the former may be wired to provide galvanic isolation.This type of UPS is able to tolerate continuous undervoltage brownouts and overvoltage surges without consuming the limited reserve battery power.
When power loss occurs, the rectifier simply drops out of the circuit and the batteries keep the power steady and unchanged. This also works in reverse, so that in an overvoltage condition, the UPS will need less current.In an online UPS, the batteries are always connected to the inverter, so that no power transfer switches are necessary. If a brownout occurs and the voltage drops to 100 V, the UPS will draw 10 A to compensate. For example, to power a 1000-W device at 120 V, the UPS will draw 8.33 A. It is common for the autotransformer to cover a range only from about 90 V to 140 V for 120 V power, and then switch to battery if the voltage goes much higher or lower than that range.In low-voltage conditions the UPS will use more current than normal, so it may need a higher current circuit than a normal device. The battery can still be charged while "bucking" an overvoltage, but while "boosting" an undervoltage, the transformer output is too low to charge the batteries.Autotransformers can be engineered to cover a wide range of varying input voltages, but this requires more taps and increases complexity, as well as the expense of the UPS.
It is called a double-conversion UPS due to the rectifier directly driving the inverter, even when powered from normal AC current.Online UPS typically has a static transfer switch (STS) for increasing reliability.Other designs Hybrid topology/double conversion on demand These hybrid rotary UPS designs do not have official designations, although one name used by UTL is "double conversion on demand". However it typically costs much more, due to it having a much greater current AC-to-DC battery-charger/rectifier, and with the rectifier and inverter designed to run continuously with improved cooling systems. The online UPS may be necessary when the power environment is "noisy", when utility power sags, outages and other anomalies are frequent, when protection of sensitive IT equipment loads is required, or when operation from an extended-run backup generator is necessary.The basic technology of the online UPS is the same as in a standby or line-interactive UPS. Although it was at one time reserved for very large installations of 10 kW or more, advances in technology have now permitted it to be available as a common consumer device, supplying 500 W or less. The main advantage of an online UPS is its ability to provide an "electrical firewall" between the incoming utility power and sensitive electronic equipment.The online UPS is ideal for environments where electrical isolation is necessary or for equipment that is very sensitive to power fluctuations.
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